Fire and Safety Engineering Course

Fire and Safety Engineering Course as a career option is fast catching up with the students in India. Whereas in abroad, Safety is an integral part of most of university programs.

Fire Engineering and Safety Management is getting its underlying foundations quickly as a profession option in India. It is just in nowadays that a large portion of the general population of our nation are getting to know it, though in abroad fire eng. what's more, wellbeing administration is a vital piece of a large portion of college projects.

Job Prospects

• Fire Officer/Fire Protection Technician/Safety Supervisor,
• HSE Engineer/ HSE Advisor,
• Safety Officer / Safety Manager,
• HSE / EHS Officer/ Manager
• Fire Men / Officer Safety Steward
• Safety Assistant / Environmental Engineer

Gulf is the biggest fire prone area in the world, because it has the largest storage of oil. Undoubtedly the highest budget of fire prevention and fire protection spent in the world is in the Gulf. They prevent fire by increasing the safety awareness of the people. That translates into thousands of job openings in the field of Safety as Safety Engineers, officers & Supervisors.

Eligibility Criteria: +2 Completion / Diploma
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International Diploma in OSH - GRAD IOSH

Gain recognition for health and safety expertise worldwide with BSC IDipOSH. This diploma is suitable for delegates who wish to set their long term career in Health and Safety. The course covers risk management, health and safety culture and Occupational health.

BSC IDIPOSH is recognised by IOSH, on successful completion of BSC IDipOSH, delegates fulfil the requirement to become a Graduate Member of IOSH (Grad IOSH), the first step to become a Chartered Health and Safety Practitioner as a Chartered Member of IOSH (CMIOSH). 

Delegates with level 6 Diploma may also apply for full membership of (International Institute of Risk and Safety Management - IIRSM).

The syllabus comprises of Three Core units:

• Unit 1: Principles of health and safety Management.
• Unit 2: Safeguarding People's Health in the Workplace.
• Unit 3: Promoting a Positive Health and Safety Culture in the Workplace.

Course Modules

• Unit 1 - Element A: Fundamentals of Health and Safety Management
• Unit 1 - Element B: Applied Health and Safety Management
• Unit 2 - Element A: Occupational Health
• Unit 2 - Element B: Risks to Health at Work
• Unit 3 - Element A: Developing a Positive Health and Safety Culture
• Unit 3 - Element B: Developing the Business Case for Health and Safety

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IOSH MS Course in Chennai - POSHE

Institution of Occupational Health and Safety is a premier organisation for health and safety membership in the world and the only Chartered body for health and safety professionals with more than 45,000 members in 100 countries.

IOSH Managing Safely is designed for managers and supervisors from any domain/organization. It is specifically designed for the managers to accelerate on the ground actions they are held responsible to handle health and safety within the team. The delegates can think about what they are learning - build confidence and energy level within him and put it into practice when they are back to their workplace.

What does the course cover?

IOSH Managing safely covers the health and safety management system basics, the responsibilities of a health and safety manager and common workplace hazards and a risk assessment project based on your theory/board game/workplace.

Managing Safely covers:
Module 1: Introducing Managing Safely
Module 2: Assessing Risks
Module 3: Controlling Risks
Module 4: Understanding your responsibilities
Module 5: Identifying Hazards
Module 6: Investigating Accidents and Incidents
Module 7: Measuring Performance
Module 8: Protecting our Environment

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Electrical Safety

Approximately 30 people at work die every year as a result of electrocution. The majority of these deaths are caused by contact with overhead or underground cables.

The main hazards from electricity:

Electric shock - the effect on the body and central nervous system produced by the passage of the electric current. Common cause of death is ventricular fibrillation (spasm of the heart muscle). The vascular system ceases to function and the victim dies of suffocation. It’s the current that kills.

Burns - a current passing through a conductor (the person) produces heat. Burns can be caused by contact with hot conductors, e.g. metal, or by the passage of the electric current through the body.

Explosions - electrical short-circuiting or sparking from the electrical contacts in switches or other equipment. There needs to be combustible material, e.g. flammable vapours, dusts or gas.

Eye injuries - exposure to ultraviolet rays from accidental arcing in a process such as welding

Accumulators and batteries - hydrogen gas may be produced as a by-product of battery charging. This results in a potentially explosive atmosphere.

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Cranes - Construction Safety

Hazard: Significant and serious injuries may occur if cranes are not inspected before use and if they are not used properly. Often these injuries occur when a worker is struck by an overhead load or caught within the crane's swing radius. Many crane fatalities occur when the boom of a crane or its load line contact an overhead power line.

Solutions:

• Check all crane controls to insure proper operation before use.
• Inspect wire rope, chains and hook for any damage.
• Know the weight of the load that the crane is to lift.
• Ensure that the load does not exceed the crane's rated capacity.
• Raise the load a few inches to verify balance and the effectiveness of the brake system.
• Check all rigging prior to use; do not wrap hoist ropes or chains around the load.
• Fully extend outriggers.
• Do not move a load over workers.
• Barricade accessible areas within the crane's swing radius.
• Watch for overhead electrical distribution and transmission lines and maintain a safe working clearance of at least 10 feet from energized electrical lines.

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Warning signs – Chemical labelling and packaging

GHS Hazard Pictograms

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Firefighting signs

Intrinsic features:
(a) rectangular or square shape;
(b) white pictogram on a red background (the red part to take up at least 50% of
the area of the sign).

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Emergency escape or first-aid signs

Intrinsic features:
(a) Rectangular or square shape;
(b) White pictogram on a green background (the green part to take up at least
50% of the area of the sign).

FIRST AID SIGNS

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Mandatory signs

Intrinsic features:
(a) Round shape;
(b) White pictogram on a blue background (the blue part to take up at least 50%
of the area of the sign).

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Warning signs – General

Harmful or irritant material’ warning sign
(black cross on a yellow triangle warning sign)

Intrinsic features:
(a) Triangular shape;
(b) Black pictogram on a yellow background with black edging (the yellow part to
take up at least 50% of the area of the sign).

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Prohibitory signs - Safety Signs

Intrinsic features:

• Round shape;
• Black Pictogram on white background, red edging and diagonal line (the red part to take up at least 35% of the area of the sign).

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Fire Hydrant

A fire hydrant is a connection point by which firefighters can tap into a water supply. It is a component of active fire protection.

The user attaches a hose to the fire hydrant, then opens a valve on the hydrant to provide a powerful flow of water, on the order of 350kPa (50 lbf/in²) (this pressure varies according to region and depends on various factors including the size and location of the attached water main).

When a firefighter is operating a hydrant, he or she typically wears appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and ahelmet with face shield worn. High-pressure water coursing through a potentially aging and corroding hydrant could cause a failure, injuring the firefighter operating the hydrant or bystanders.

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Nozzles - Fire Safety

Nozzles - Fire Safety

• The nozzle is a small metal fitting made of gun metal or brass or bronze having a tapered shape generally.
• But it can be made to several shapes depending on the nature of purpose it is manufactured for. 
• These have internal thread for attachment to the branch. 
• As a precaution against damage the delivery orifice is counter sunk in the nozzle to a depth of 3 mm. 
• The base of the nozzle is hexagonally shaped to permit the use of spanner. 
• Standard nozzles to fit any branch with 63 mm or 70 mm hose are made of machined gun metal and vary in length from 4 to 4V2".The bores of the nozzle vary in diameter from 4.6 mm to 44 mm.
• Larger bores are used in Deluge sets or Monitors etc. 
• Besides there are nozzles used for Hose Reel Hose, Portable Extinguishers. 
• Also there are nozzles made suitable for providing fine mist or combination of spray etc.

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TYPES OF HOSES - Fire Safety

Hoses are flexible pipe used to convey water from the source to the scene of fire.

TYPES OF HOSE : 

1. DELIVERY HOSE 
2. SUCTION HOSE 
3. HOSE REEL HOSE

1) Delivery Hose

This is connected to the discharge side of the pump. This is subjected to a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure. These are available in the Fallowing type:

(i) Percolating / Unlined / Canvas hose which are made of vegetable fibers.
(ii) Non percolating hose made up of plastic material forming both lining as well as the outer cover. These are no porous in nature.
(iii) Controlled percolating hose consisting of a jacket woven from vegetable fibers and having rubber / plastic lining.

2) Suction Hose

These are connected to the suction side of the pump. These are subjected to either above or below the atmospheric pressure. These are of following
types:
(i) Partially embedded
(ii) Smooth Bore fully embedded.

3) Hose Reel

These are made of reinforced rubber fitted with a swiveling joint bound over a reel. A squeeze nozzle is provided at one end.

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FIRE TETRAHEDRON

There are basic 3 element need to produce fire.

• HEAT
• FUEL
• OXYGEN

if one of component is not presents the fire will not created.

Beside 3 elements there is forth element which is essential for continuation of fire once ignited.this is known as "CHAIN REACTION".

Once fire occurs the burned substunce produce lots of heat which tends to burn remaining fuel substance.this reaction occurs again and again.which is called "chain reaction"

Fire is OXIDATION process which produce heat its is also called EXOTHERMIC reaction..

OXIDATION = EXOTHERMIC R. = PRODUCE HEAT.
REDUCTION = ENDOTHERMIC R. = ABSORB HEAT.

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Principles of an Alarm System

Sounding an alarm in the event of fire and fighting the fire arrangement must be made at all the workplaces.

There are many systems for raising an alarm on detecting an outbreak of fire, ranging from simple hand bells (or even just shouting) to sophisticated electronically-­triggered systems. However, whatever system is employed, all staff must know how to raise an alarm on discovering fire and what to do when the fire alarm sounds.

The general principles of an alarm system are shown below.

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Good Housekeeping - Control Measures to Minimise the Risk of Fire in a Workplace

The control of highly combustible materials and sources of ignition must be coupled with high standards of housekeeping to ensure that combustible materials in any form, but particularly waste, do not present a fire risk. This applies to all areas of work since waste materials can accumulate in any circumstances and a build-­up of dust and dirt can easily provide the fuel for fire in the right circumstances. 

The accumulation of process waste, contaminated rags, packing materials and other paper products, and general refuse and dust must be prevented Oily, flammable and combustible rags are particular problems in many workplaces as they are easily ignited and may even ignite spontaneously; they should be placed in metal containers with fitting lids.

Routine Housekeeping should ensure that:

• Waste bins are emptied regularly so that there is no accumulation of combustible materials.
• Cupboards, liftshafts, spaces beneath conveyors, stairs, benches and gratings are regularly cleaned and kept free of litter and rubbish.
• Safe disposal of all waste materials is arranged. “Unofficial” rubbish burning must be banned.

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Safe Systems of Work

Working with Hot Processes or Implements, Most workplaces employ some processes and equipment which by their very nature produce sufficient heat to act as a source of ignition in the right circumstances. However, good working practices can minimise the risk of fire. Examples include:

• All appliances and processes which produce heat or fire should be located or carried out a safe distance away from paper, wood and other combustible materials.
• Nothing should be placed or stored on heaters. Portable space heaters should be guarded and placed or fixed to prevent them being knocked over.
• Appliances such as soldering irons or pressing irons should be provided with stands to prevent them contacting work surfaces and surrounding materials when not in use. They should be switched off when not in use.
• Hot surfaces, such as boilers and associated pipe work, should be lagged to prevent radiant heat becoming a hazard.
• There should be fire watches during and after hot work.

Machinery, poorly maintained machines may overheat or cause sparking and a planned maintenance programme is necessary in order to minimise creating a fire risk. There should be regular inspections of all machinery and equipment, with checks on the proper lubrication of bearings and correct tensioning of drive belts to prevent friction and overheating.

Electrical Equipment and Systems, Inadequate safeguarding of electrical equipment and systems, along with inefficient maintenance, presents a considerable fire risk. Electrical faults (faulty earths, loose connections, short circuits) are the cause of many industrial fires.
All electrical equipment and systems should therefore be inspected and maintained on a regular schedule. This should include circuits being tested regularly to ensure that there are no faulty components or cables, especially in the roof of a building, and that plugs are not loose, sockets not worn or damaged, and cables not frayed or rubbing on the edges of benches.

Electrical equipment should always be switched off and unplugged when not in use as it can overheat. It is easy to lay a soldering iron down on the bench and then have it set material alight.

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Evacuation (Emergency) Plan

Following completion of the fire risk assessment, an emergency plan should be devised; the plan should include the following:

• Action on discovery of fire
• Action on hearing alarm.
• Details of the fire warning system.
• Details of the evacuation process.
• Means of escape -­ travel distances.
• Location of assembly points.
• Identification of escape routes -­ signs, emergency lighting.
• Details of fire-­fighting equipment.
• Specific Staff duties
• Safe Evacuation of people who need assistance to escape.
• Safe working practices in high risk areas.
• Procedures for calling Fire Service.
• Staff training needs and arrangements for providing training.

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Principles of Heat Transmission

An important aspect of fire control is the need to prevent it from spreading from one room into another (particularly escape routes). Heat is transmitted and fire spreads by:

• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
• Direct Contact

CONDUCTION:

Conduction explains the change in warm within a strong material from warmer to chilly parts. Different materials perform warm at different rates: 

Metals perform warm well, e.g. once warm gets to a metal architectural member it will be performed quickly along it; and stones and tangible will perform warm at a much low cost.

If a metal joist or line goes through a walls or floor it may become the road by which sufficient warm can pass to start fire in nearby rooms. In the same way a non-­combustible walls or roof may become so hot that warm will be performed through it even though it does not get rid of itself.

CONVECTION:

Hot air rises in currents causing the build-­up of hot gases under the ceiling. It also passes easily through small gaps. The air in a burning room can exceed 1000°C. Air at this temperature will quickly allow a fire to spread from one room to another, passing through gaps around ill-­fitting doors or where cables /pipes pass through ceilings, etc. It is estimated that convection accounts for approximately 75% of the heat spread of the majority of fires.

RADIATION:

Heat can be radiated through the air causing heating of materials at a distance from the fire. One of the reasons why a fire develops so quickly in an enclosed space is that radiated heat causes other parts of the room to heat rapidly. Materials that are not in contact with flames will reach their flash point (i.e. the temperature at which they give off sufficient gas/ vapour to be ignited).

DIRECT CONTACT:

In their early stages most fires spread almost entirely by direct burning between a flame and a combustible material, which heats up and eventually ignites. As they get hotter the materials liberate flammable vapours and these also ignite. These materials then transfer heat to other materials by radiation, conduction and convection as well as by direct contact with the flame.

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