Fire Safety Courses in Chennai - POSHE

POSHE solutions is a recognized centre for learning internationally accredited course and having branches across globe, we are heading in providing safety education to create a safe workplace.

Globally recognized international safety training course provider POSHE offer Courses - IOSH, NEBOSH Certified Courses, IASP, HABC, BSC - British Safety Council and Govt. of India accredited diploma courses as follows:

• Advanced Diploma in Occupational Safety Health and Environmental Management (ADOSHEM)
• Diploma in Fire Engineering And Safety Management
• Diploma in Offshore Safety
• Diploma in Industrial Safety
• Diploma in Construction Safety
• Diploma in Environmental Safety
• Diploma in Food Safety
• Post Diploma in Fire &Safety Engineerings Techniques
• Diploma in Industrial Environmental Safety
• Diploma in Construction Safety Management
• Diploma in Industrial Safety Engineering

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Fire and Safety Engineering Course - POSHE

Fire and Safety Engineering Course as a career option is fast catching up with the students in India. Whereas in abroad, Safety is an integral part of most of university programs.

Fire Engineering and Safety Management is getting its underlying foundations quickly as a profession option in India. It is just in nowadays that a large portion of the general population of our nation are getting to know it, though in abroad fire engineering.

Job Prospects

• Fire Officer/Fire Protection Technician/Safety Supervisor,
• HSE Engineer/ HSE Advisor,
• Safety Officer / Safety Manager,
• HSE / EHS Officer/ Manager
• Fire Men / Officer Safety Steward
• Safety Assistant / Environmental Engineer

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STYLES OF SMOKE ALARMS

Battery Operated Smoke Alarms are the most common alarms found in residential homes. These alarms rely on a battery for power. The prices for these alarms can range from $1.00 to $100.00. 

Long Life Smoke Alarms with a 10-year, non replaceable lithium battery are available and easy to find. 

Hardwired with Battery Back Up Alarms are wired directly into your home's electrical system. The battery is a backup to ensure alarm works during power outages. 

Interconnected Hardwired Smoke Alarms with battery back up. These are the type of alarms that are required in all new homes. These alarms are wired together and when one alarm goes off all the alarms in the home will sound. 

Wireless Smoke Alarms with battery backup. These work like interconnected alarms and do not require wiring or an electrician to install. 

Voice Smoke Alarms have an alarm and a pre-recorded voice that may say, “Fire! Fire!” or similar message to alert occupants. There are studies showing that the traditional, high pitched siren of a standard smoke alarm cannot be heard by the hearing impaired and an alarm alone will may not awaken a child in deep sleep in time if at all. 

Vocal Smoke Alarms with an alarm and a recording device. The alarm allows you to record a personalized alarm message and provide personal escape instructions to your child, and have it replayed when the alarm sounds.

Vibrate or Shaker Smoke Alarms use a vibrating device to shake a bed or chair to awaken and alert a deep sleeper, a hearing impaired or deaf person. 

Strobe Alarms use an extra bright strobe light to alert a deep sleeper, the hearing impaired or deaf of a fire. Some strobe alarms also include a vibrator device. 

Dual Detectors come with the ability to alert occupants of smoke, Carbon Monoxide (CO), or hazardous gas. These detectors are cost efficient, but make sure you are aware of the recommended replacement life of the alarms/detectors. One draw back of dual detectors is that the Carbon Monoxide alarm generally needs to be replaced every 5 years (60 months) as well as natural and propane gas detectors.

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Source From www.excelsiorfire.org/

SMOKE ALARM - Photoelectric Detector

Photoelectric Detector react all the more rapidly to seething flames. Photoelectric smoke cautions sound when smoke particles meddle with and mirror the alert's light shaft that goes through the alert's recognition chamber. The nearness of suspended smoke particles in the chamber disperses the light pillar. This scattered light is recognized and sets off the alarm.

Smoldering fire frequently happen when smoking materials, for example, cigarettes, are left unattended. When all is said in done, they at first deliver negligible measures of flares what's more, bigger, unmistakable measures of smoke. 

Photoelectric models are most appropriate for parlors, rooms and kitchens. This is on account of these rooms regularly contain vast household items, for example, couches, seats, sleeping cushions, ledges, and so forth which will blaze gradually and make more seething smoke than flares. 

The decisions are not basic and will require extra research for you to do on your own. The one thing that is without a doubt - a working smoke caution is superior to a non-working caution or no smoke alert by any means.
In review, photoelectric detectors are:

• Fastest type to respond to Smoldering Fires and white or Gray Smoke
• Less prone to Nisance Alarms from Cooking 

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SMOKE ALARM - IONIZATION DETECTORS

SMOKE ALARM BASICS 
There are two common household types of smoke alarms: 

• Ionization Alarms
• Photoelectric Alarms

IONIZATION DETECTORS 

Ionization detectors react all the more rapidly to flaring flames with littler ignition particles. Ionization smoke cautions sound when electrically charged ("ionized") particles discharged in a fire meddle with the electrical current that courses through the caution's identification chamber. The disturbance in the present causes the smoke alert to sound.

Fires (flares) result from the start of things, for example, combustible fluids, wood then again paper; cooking mishaps; or from open flares, for example, candles that light different things. They deliver huge amounts of flares and lesser noticeable sums of smoke.

Ionization models are most appropriate for rooms that contain very burnable materials that can make flaring flames. These sorts of materials incorporate combustible fluids, daily papers, and paint cleaning arrangements.

In review, ionization detectors are:

• Fastest type to respond to flaming fires
• Lowest cost and most commonly sold

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FireWork Safety - POSHE

• Bought firecrackers from an authorized merchant. 
• Read and comprehend firecrackers bearings. Perused alert names before lighting. 
• If there are no reasonable bearings on the firecrackers you have buy utilize sound judgment and take after these tips. 
• Do not utilize firecrackers that you think have been altered, come in harmed bundles, or look hand crafted. 
• Never permit youthful kids to play with or light firecrackers, including sparklers. 
• Sparklers smolder at temperatures at or over 2,000 degrees.
• Never put any piece of your body over a firecrackers gadget. Approach and light from the side. 
• Light firecrackers each one in turn. 
• Light and move far from the firecrackers rapidly. 
• Give lit firecrackers space. A firecrackers wellbeing zone ought to be made to give remove between lit firecrackers, individuals, and creatures. 
• Do not convey firecrackers in your pocket or on your individual. 
• Do not grasp lit firecrackers or shoot them off from your hands or different parts of your body. 

• NEVER point or toss firecrackers at a man, creature, building, vehicle, lush range, or combustibles. 
• Stay far from a fizzled firecrackers devises for an amplified measure of time. 
• NEVER re-light a fizzled devise and dependably douse with/in water before taking care of. 
• NEVER dispose of any parts of firecrackers in a camp or bon fire. 
• Monitor wind speed and bearing while releasing firecrackers to abstain from having firecrackers gadgets blow into trees, on to house rooftops, crosswise over fields, and so on. 
• Alcohol and firecrackers don't blend. 
• When utilizing firecrackers utilize sound judgment, obligingness, and regard everyone around you.

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Fire Facts

Fire is FAST – In under 30 seconds, a little fire can transform into a noteworthy fire. In minutes thick smoke can fill a house, and the house can be inundated on fire. Most private fire happens when individuals are sleeping. There is just time to get away. 

Fire is HOT – Heat is more undermining than flares. A fire's warmth alone can slaughter. Room temperatures in a fire can be 600 degrees at eye level. Breathing in super-hot air will singe your lips, mouth, throat, and lungs. 

Fire is DARK – Fire is not brilliant like an open air fire, it is contribute dark a structure fire. A fire begins brilliant, however rapidly creates dark smoke and finish dimness. The dark smoke can turn a house you have lived in for a considerable length of time into a disorientating labyrinth. Smoke ventures much speedier in front of the flares. 

Fire is TOXIC – Along with smoke, harmful gasses execute a bigger number of individuals than blazes. A great many people who kick the bucket in a fire never observe the blazes. Fire goes through the oxygen you need and creates noxious gasses that slaughter. Those gasses can make you lazy, disorientated, and shy of breath. The scentless, dismal vapor can hush you into an oblivious state. 

SAVE LIVES – Working smoke finders are the most critical intends to avert demise in a house fire. Smoke identifiers give an early cautioning permitting time for escape. The more locators you have in your home the prior the notice will be. Continuously take after the makes establishment guidelines.

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Flammable and Combustible Materials

Flammable and Combustible Materials

Ignitable liquids generate vapors that burn. Vapors may travel significant distances before reaching a heat source or build up in an enclosed space and cause an explosion. Minimizing the amount of fuel in your areas and properly storing materials you have, are two important ways of preventing fires.

Ignitable liquids are designated as flammable or combustible, depending on flash point and boiling point. Flammable and combustible materials are further designated as Class I or Class II. This is important, as different storage rules apply to each class.

All flammable and combustible liquids must be stored in approved, sealed containers. Approvedcontainers include the original (factory) container or designated safety can.

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Fire Safety Tips - Workplace

• Do not utilize electrical gear that is in poor condition or that has a harmed line. 
• Do not over-burden circuits or electrical lines, read makers determinations. 
• Utilize affirmed control bars rather than circuit splitters. 
• Keep all warmth delivering machines far from the divider and far from anything that may blaze.  
• Leave a lot of space for air to circle around gear that typically emits warm. 
• Guarantee little apparatuses, for example, warmers, fans and so forth are closed off before leaving the building. 
• Ensure all apparatuses, for example, espresso producers and hot plates, are killed when not being used. 
• Toasters and microwave broilers ought to be situated in kitchen regions as it were. 
• Maintain a strategic distance from profound fat broiling, or utilize an indoor regulator controlled apparatus and never abandon it unattended. 
• Keep every single flammable material, for example, paper towels and fabrics, at a protected separation from warmth sources. 
• Keep stockpiling zones, stairway arrivals and other out-of-way areas free of waste paper, exhaust containers, filthy clothes and other material that could fuel a fire. 
• Guarantee office entryways and subordinate office entryways, for instance, document room and lobby entryways, are shut while leaving the building. 
• Guarantee warm registers are clear of burnable things, for example, paper at all times.

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Common Causes of Fire in Businesses

Open Flames

• negligence in conducting hot work, such as welding, cutting or grinding; 
• improper use of candles;
• improper handling of flammable or combustible liquids or flammable gases in near-to-potential ignition sources; and
• matches and cigarettes that are improperly disposed of, or left unattended near combustibles.

Electrical

• damaged electrical conductors, plug wires or extension cords;
• use of faulty, modified or unapproved electrical equipment;
• insufficient space or clearance between electrical heating equipment and combustibles;
• short or overloaded circuits;
• loose electrical connections; and lighting.

Cooking

• deep frying in pots or pans on stove tops;
• unattended cooking appliances; and
• combustibles located dangerously close to cooking equipment.

Spontaneous Ignition and the Ignition of Waste Materials

• improper disposal of materials susceptible to spontaneous combustion, such as oily rags from wood finishing or polishing;
• accumulation of organic materials, such as green hay, grain or woodchips; and
• accumulation of waste combustible materials near potential sources of ignition.

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Gas Safety

Gas through the mains is highly dangerous and explosive if not used correctly.

• Only competent persons can touch either gas installations or gas-fuelled equipment.
• They must be Corgi Registered to carry out the tasks required (Domestic or Commercial).

Control measures include:

• Having a gas leak (or suspected gas leak) procedure
• Equipment must be regularly serviced
• All defects to equipment or installations must be reported - may need to follow gas leak procedures
• The gas shut off valve (which switches off the main gas supply) must be in an accessible position
• The room or area in which the gas appliance is situated must have good ventilation
• The equipment must be sited/used in a well-lit area
• Staff must receive information, instruction and training

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Electrical Safety

Approximately 30 people at work die every year as a result of electrocution. The majority of these deaths are caused by contact with overhead or underground cables.

The main hazards from electricity:

Electric shock - the effect on the body and central nervous system produced by the passage of the electric current. Common cause of death is ventricular fibrillation (spasm of the heart muscle). The vascular system ceases to function and the victim dies of suffocation. It’s the current that kills.

Burns - a current passing through a conductor (the person) produces heat. Burns can be caused by contact with hot conductors, e.g. metal, or by the passage of the electric current through the body.

Explosions - electrical short-circuiting or sparking from the electrical contacts in switches or other equipment. There needs to be combustible material, e.g. flammable vapours, dusts or gas.

Eye injuries - exposure to ultraviolet rays from accidental arcing in a process such as welding

Accumulators and batteries - hydrogen gas may be produced as a by-product of battery charging. This results in a potentially explosive atmosphere.

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Causes of Fire

Electrical equipment - arcing, sparks, hot surfaces created by defective electrical equipment.

Spontaneous ignition - when some liquids are heated or sprayed onto a hot surface, they may ignite without an ignition source being present

Spontaneous combustion - when materials react with oxygen an exothermic reaction takes place, i.e. heat is emitted. May cause the material to ignite or burst into flames

Smoking - discarded smoking materials. Smoking in dangerous areas, e.g. flammable vapours present

Sparks - act as a source of ignition. Friction between surfaces where a machine contact a fixed part or two surfaces rubbing or sliding together during machine operation, e.g. grinders

Hot work - welding, soldering, hot cutting, brazing. Source of ignition, be careful where flammable vapours are present. Permit to work system is necessary when not in a workshop

Static electricity - electrostatic charging is produced by induction or friction, the charge can be carried away from the source, accumulated charge can be a source of ignition

Vehicles - maintenance and parking areas. Diesel and petrol engines, emissions, and hot surfaces, e.g. exhaust system can be a source of ignition

Open flames - many sources, e.g. boilers, furnaces, portable heating appliances, pilot lights. Poorly maintained or incorrectly used equipment can be a source of ignition

Lightning - source of ignition, protection by direct earthing

Arson - high-risk, e.g. 75% of school fires are caused by arson

Lack of management systems - no appropriate detection systems, means of raising the alarm. Poor housekeeping, no training etc.

Chemical reactions

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Cranes - Construction Safety

Hazard: Significant and serious injuries may occur if cranes are not inspected before use and if they are not used properly. Often these injuries occur when a worker is struck by an overhead load or caught within the crane's swing radius. Many crane fatalities occur when the boom of a crane or its load line contact an overhead power line.

Solutions:

• Check all crane controls to insure proper operation before use.
• Inspect wire rope, chains and hook for any damage.
• Know the weight of the load that the crane is to lift.
• Ensure that the load does not exceed the crane's rated capacity.
• Raise the load a few inches to verify balance and the effectiveness of the brake system.
• Check all rigging prior to use; do not wrap hoist ropes or chains around the load.
• Fully extend outriggers.
• Do not move a load over workers.
• Barricade accessible areas within the crane's swing radius.
• Watch for overhead electrical distribution and transmission lines and maintain a safe working clearance of at least 10 feet from energized electrical lines.

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Warning signs – Chemical labelling and packaging

GHS Hazard Pictograms

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Prohibitory signs - Safety Signs

Intrinsic features:

• Round shape;
• Black Pictogram on white background, red edging and diagonal line (the red part to take up at least 35% of the area of the sign).

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Safety Sign Colours - POSHE

Colour	Meaning or purpose	Instruction and information
Red	Prohibition Sign Danger alarm	Dangerous behaviour; stop; shutdown; emergency cut-out devices; evacuate
Yellow Amber	Warning sign	Be careful; take precautions; examine
Blue	Mandatory sign	Specific behaviour or action, eg wear protective equipment
Green	Emergency escape First-aid sign No danger	Doors; exits; escape routes; equipment and facilities Return to normal

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Nozzles - Fire Safety

Nozzles - Fire Safety

• The nozzle is a small metal fitting made of gun metal or brass or bronze having a tapered shape generally.
• But it can be made to several shapes depending on the nature of purpose it is manufactured for. 
• These have internal thread for attachment to the branch. 
• As a precaution against damage the delivery orifice is counter sunk in the nozzle to a depth of 3 mm. 
• The base of the nozzle is hexagonally shaped to permit the use of spanner. 
• Standard nozzles to fit any branch with 63 mm or 70 mm hose are made of machined gun metal and vary in length from 4 to 4V2".The bores of the nozzle vary in diameter from 4.6 mm to 44 mm.
• Larger bores are used in Deluge sets or Monitors etc. 
• Besides there are nozzles used for Hose Reel Hose, Portable Extinguishers. 
• Also there are nozzles made suitable for providing fine mist or combination of spray etc.

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Fire Proximity Suit - POSHE

A fire proximity suit (also, silvers or silver bunker suit) is a suit designed to protect a firefighter from high temperatures, especially near fires of extreme temperature such as aircraft fires.

There are three basic types of these aluminized suits:

• Approach suit—used for work in the general area of high temperatures such as steel mills and smelting facilities. (Ambient heat protection up to ~200 °F (93 °C).)
• Proximity suit—used for aircraft rescue and fire fighting (AR-FF) and, in more heavily insulated versions, for kiln work requiring entry into the heated kiln. (Kiln suit ambient protection ~2,000 °F (1,093 °C) and proximity ambient protection~ 500 °F (260 °C))
• Entry suit—used for entry into extreme heat and situations requiring protection from total flame engulfment. Most commonly made of Zetex or Vermiculite and not aluminized. (Entry suit ambient protection ~2,000 °F (1,093 °C)) for short duration and prolonged radiant heat up to 1,500 °F (816 °C).

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Fire Tender

A water tender, also known as a tanker in some regions, is a specialized firefighting apparatus designed for transporting water from a water source to a fire scene. Water tenders are capable of drafting water from a stream, lake or hydrant.

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