Fire Hydrant

A fire hydrant is a connection point by which firefighters can tap into a water supply. It is a component of active fire protection.

The user attaches a hose to the fire hydrant, then opens a valve on the hydrant to provide a powerful flow of water, on the order of 350kPa (50 lbf/in²) (this pressure varies according to region and depends on various factors including the size and location of the attached water main).

When a firefighter is operating a hydrant, he or she typically wears appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and ahelmet with face shield worn. High-pressure water coursing through a potentially aging and corroding hydrant could cause a failure, injuring the firefighter operating the hydrant or bystanders.

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Nozzles - Fire Safety

Nozzles - Fire Safety

• The nozzle is a small metal fitting made of gun metal or brass or bronze having a tapered shape generally.
• But it can be made to several shapes depending on the nature of purpose it is manufactured for. 
• These have internal thread for attachment to the branch. 
• As a precaution against damage the delivery orifice is counter sunk in the nozzle to a depth of 3 mm. 
• The base of the nozzle is hexagonally shaped to permit the use of spanner. 
• Standard nozzles to fit any branch with 63 mm or 70 mm hose are made of machined gun metal and vary in length from 4 to 4V2".The bores of the nozzle vary in diameter from 4.6 mm to 44 mm.
• Larger bores are used in Deluge sets or Monitors etc. 
• Besides there are nozzles used for Hose Reel Hose, Portable Extinguishers. 
• Also there are nozzles made suitable for providing fine mist or combination of spray etc.

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Fire Proximity Suit - POSHE

A fire proximity suit (also, silvers or silver bunker suit) is a suit designed to protect a firefighter from high temperatures, especially near fires of extreme temperature such as aircraft fires.

There are three basic types of these aluminized suits:

• Approach suit—used for work in the general area of high temperatures such as steel mills and smelting facilities. (Ambient heat protection up to ~200 °F (93 °C).)
• Proximity suit—used for aircraft rescue and fire fighting (AR-FF) and, in more heavily insulated versions, for kiln work requiring entry into the heated kiln. (Kiln suit ambient protection ~2,000 °F (1,093 °C) and proximity ambient protection~ 500 °F (260 °C))
• Entry suit—used for entry into extreme heat and situations requiring protection from total flame engulfment. Most commonly made of Zetex or Vermiculite and not aluminized. (Entry suit ambient protection ~2,000 °F (1,093 °C)) for short duration and prolonged radiant heat up to 1,500 °F (816 °C).

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Fire Tender

A water tender, also known as a tanker in some regions, is a specialized firefighting apparatus designed for transporting water from a water source to a fire scene. Water tenders are capable of drafting water from a stream, lake or hydrant.

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Fire Branches

The purpose of the branch is to increase the velocity of water and may be defined as "a metal fittings between hose and the nozzle that converts pressure energy into velocity energy to provide the nozzle a solid jet-of water for fire fighting."

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TYPES OF HOSES - Fire Safety

Hoses are flexible pipe used to convey water from the source to the scene of fire.

TYPES OF HOSE : 

1. DELIVERY HOSE 
2. SUCTION HOSE 
3. HOSE REEL HOSE

1) Delivery Hose

This is connected to the discharge side of the pump. This is subjected to a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure. These are available in the Fallowing type:

(i) Percolating / Unlined / Canvas hose which are made of vegetable fibers.
(ii) Non percolating hose made up of plastic material forming both lining as well as the outer cover. These are no porous in nature.
(iii) Controlled percolating hose consisting of a jacket woven from vegetable fibers and having rubber / plastic lining.

2) Suction Hose

These are connected to the suction side of the pump. These are subjected to either above or below the atmospheric pressure. These are of following
types:
(i) Partially embedded
(ii) Smooth Bore fully embedded.

3) Hose Reel

These are made of reinforced rubber fitted with a swiveling joint bound over a reel. A squeeze nozzle is provided at one end.

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TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Portable fire extinguishers are also known as chemical fire extinguishers or First Aid Fire Fighting Appliances.

These extinguishers are highly useful to prevent a small fire from becoming a big one, provided these are used when the fire is just in its starting stage, say within first five minutes. These are light weight, small in size which can be easily carried by hand.

Larger models of certain types are also available which are known as "engines". These are mounted on trolleys, which can be moved manually or toed to motor vehicles.

• Water Type Extinguishers
• Foam Extinguishers
• Dry Chemical Powder Extinguishers
• Halon Extinguishers
• Carbon dioxide Extinguishers

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FIRE TETRAHEDRON

There are basic 3 element need to produce fire.

• HEAT
• FUEL
• OXYGEN

if one of component is not presents the fire will not created.

Beside 3 elements there is forth element which is essential for continuation of fire once ignited.this is known as "CHAIN REACTION".

Once fire occurs the burned substunce produce lots of heat which tends to burn remaining fuel substance.this reaction occurs again and again.which is called "chain reaction"

Fire is OXIDATION process which produce heat its is also called EXOTHERMIC reaction..

OXIDATION = EXOTHERMIC R. = PRODUCE HEAT.
REDUCTION = ENDOTHERMIC R. = ABSORB HEAT.

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