Fire Safety & Prevention - POSHE

Household Safety: Preventing Burns, Shock and Fire

• Ensure you have a smoke alarm on each level of your home and in every room. Test smoke alerts monthly and recollect to change the batteries twice per year
• Keep a emergency ladder on upper floors of your home in the case of a flame. Keep the step in or close to the room of a n adult or older child capable of using it.
• Replace smoke alarms that are 10 years or older
• Install a fire extinguisher in the kitchen and know how to utilize it.
• Make an emergency exit arrangement with two routes out of the house, in addition to an assigned meeting put once out of the house. Practice the fire escape plan regularly.

PREVENTION:

• Put kid safety covers on every single electrical outlet. 
• Dispose of hardware and machines with old or frayed strings and additional lines that look harmed.
• Don't use fireworks or sparklers.
• Keep matches, lighters, chemicals, and lit candles out of kids' reach.
• Don't smoke inside, especially when you're tired, taking medication that can cause you to be drowsy, or in bed.
• Don't run electrical wires under rugs or carpet.
• Don't overload electrical sockets,

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First Aid Kit

An all around loaded first-aid kit, kept inside simple span, is a need in each home. Having supplies assembled early will help you handle a crisis immediately. You ought to keep one first-aid kit in your home and one in each car. Additionally make sure to bring an first-aid kit on family vacations.

You can purchase a first aid kit at drugstores or a local Red Cross office, or make one of your own. If you decide to make one, choose containers for your kits that are roomy, durable, easy to carry, and simple to open. Plastic tackle boxes or containers for storing art supplies are ideal, since they're lightweight, have handles, and offer a lot of space.

Include the following in each of your first-aid kits:

• first-aid manual
• sterile gauze pads of different sizes
• adhesive tape
• adhesive bandages in several sizes
• elastic bandage
• a splint
• antiseptic wipes
• soap
• antibiotic ointment
• antiseptic solution (like hydrogen peroxide)
• hydrocortisone cream (1%)
• acetaminophen and ibuprofen
• extra prescription medications (if the family is going on vacation)
• tweezers
• sharp scissors
• safety pins
• disposable instant cold packs
• calamine lotion
• alcohol wipes or ethyl alcohol
• thermometer
• tooth preservation kit
• plastic non-latex gloves (at least 2 pairs)
• flashlight and extra batteries
• a blanket
• mouthpiece for administering CPR (can be obtained from your local Red Cross)
• your list of emergency phone numbers
• blanket (stored nearby)

After you've stocked your first-aid kits:

• Read the entire first-aid manual so you'll understand how to use the contents of your kits. (If your kids are old enough to understand, review the manuals with them.)
• Store first-aid kits in places that are out of children's reach but easily accessible for adults.
• Check the kits regularly. Replace missing items or medicines that may have expired.
• Check the flashlight batteries to make sure they work.
• If you're flying, be sure to pack the first-aid kit in your checked luggage. Many of the items won't be permitted in your carry-on bags.

Resourse : kidhealth.org

Fire Fighting Equipments

Sprinklers
Sprinklers may start automatically when the fire alarm is activated, or when a predefined temperature has been reached. Some sprinkler systems may also be activated manually.

Fire Blankets
Fire blankets are used to control small fires and are commonplace in kitchens as they smother a fire. They may also be wrapped around someone if their clothing is on fire. Fire blankets must conform to British Standards.

Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are one of the most common types of equipment for fighting fire. Different types of extinguishers are available for fighting different types of fires. Extinguishers should ONLY be used if you have been trained to fight fires and it is safe to do so.

Fire Alarm
Warning other people about fire is one of your key responsibilities. The sooner you do this, the better, as it gives everyone more time to get out of the building.

Smoke Detectors
Smoke detectors are relatively common devices, designed to detect fires in buildings. There may be smoke detectors in your organisation, depending on the size and type of work that is carried out.

Fire Door
In many organisations, fire doors play a key role in slowing down the speed a fire takes hold.

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Fire Extinguishers

Be set up for any accidents by having fire extinguishers deliberately put around your home — at least one on every floor and in the kitchen (this one should be a generally useful extinguisher, which means it can be utilized on oil and electrical fires), the basement, the carport, or workshop area. Keep them out of reach of children.

Fire extinguishers are best used when a fire is contained in a small area, like a wastebasket, and when the fire department has already been called. 

The NFPA says to remember the word PASS when operating an extinguisher:

• Pull the pin. Release the lock with the nozzle pointing away from you.
• Aim low. Point the extinguisher at the base of the fire.
• Squeeze the lever slowly and evenly.
• Sweep the nozzle from side to side.

The best time to figure out how to utilize the fire extinguisher is now, before you ever require it. fire extinguisher have gauges on them showing when they should be checked regularly to make sure they're still functional.

In case you're ever in uncertainty about whether to utilize a extinguisher on a fire, don't attempt it. Rather, go out instantly and call the fire department.

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FIRE PREVENTION - SMOKE ALARM

FIRE PREVENTION - SMOKE ALARM

Having a warning device within the house cuts your risk of dying in an exceedingly fireplace in 0.5. virtually hour of all fatal residential fires occur in homes that do not have smoke alarms, thus this could be the only most significant factor you'll do to stay your family safe from fires.

If your home does not have smoke alarms, now could be the time to put in them on each level of your home and in every bedchamber. If potential, select one with a 10-year Li battery. If your warning device uses regular batteries, bear in mind to interchange them once a year (hint: modification your batteries after you modification your clock back from daylight-saving time Time within the fall). check your smoke alarms monthly, and take care your youngsters aware of the sound of the alarm.

Because smoke rises, smoke detectors should be placed on ceilings or high on walls. If a smoke detector close to the room explodes whereas you are cookery, don't take the battery out of it — you'll forget to interchange it. Open the doors and windows instead. otherwise you may take into account putting in a rate-of-rise heat detector for places just like the room, wherever smoke or steam from cookery ar doubtless to cause false alarms. These alarms will sense once the temperature reaches a group juncture or once it rises by over a precise variety of degrees a moment.

If you are having a replacement home engineered or transforming associate degree older home, you'll need to contemplate adding a home system. These already found in several housing buildings and dormitories. CO alarms can also be rescue.

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FIRE PREVENTION IN YOUR WORKPLACE: RECOVERING FIRE SAFETY ACTIONS

Flames can create huge destruction in the workplace. In the event that it's not too bad, it causes minor injuries or none at all. If it's a significant one, it results in serious injuries and even deaths.

In reality, it's impossible to completely be rid of fire hazards in your work-site. But that's not to talk about that you won't be able to do a number of things to control these hazards.

Fire prevention in your workplace consists of following steps:

1. Put a program that includes preparation, prevention, and reputation of fire hazards.
2. Ensure you practice proper handling of combustible and flammable materials.
3. Keep safe housekeeping practices that reduce the risk of fire danger.
4. Always maintain enough fire suppression equipment in your work area to extinguish fire before it goes out of control.

GENERAL SAFETY MEASURES

• Never store combustible materials inside of 10 feet of a building or other structure. 
• Consistently discard ignitable debris and scrap from your work range. 
• Stack and heap all materials in systematic and stable heaps. 
• Continuously perform assessment systems before performing operations that present flame risks like welding.
• Never heap or lay material in a way that it covers or squares access to firefighting gear. 
• Make an intermittent clean-up of whole work site and hold grass and weeds under control.
• Utilize just approved containers and tanks for capacity, taking care of, and transport of burnable and combustible fluid. 
• Make a point to utilize just affirmed compartments for the partition and transfer of ignitable cannot. Keep in mind to dependably supplant the cover.
• Never let superfluous burnable materials get aggregated in any piece of your work area.

FIRE EQUIPMENT SAFETY MEASURES

Fire extinguishers are ordinarily utilized as flame concealment equipment. You may likewise add fire hoses to your crisis box/glass in the work environment. Here are rules you should follow in utilizing fire gear:

• Prohibit smoking at or around work ranges where fire risks are available. Set up signs, saying NO SMOKING or OPEN FLAMES. 
• Place a satisfactory number of firefighting gear on display in your work regions. Whenever suitable, mark the area of every one and ensure it is appropriately evaluated.
• Post reporting guidelines and neighborhood Fire Department codes on information sheets, common areas, and ranges close to the telephone.
• Investigate and keep up firefighting gear consistently. 
• Design an alert framework that comprises of both visual and perceptible signs (bells, sirens, whistles, blinking lights).
• Give representatives proper training in fire prevention and protection.

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Fire Classes

Fire classes

Class A – Organic solids, such as paper and wood organic solids

Class B – Flammable liquids and Liquefied solids

Class C – Flammable gases

Class D – Metals

Class F – Cooking fat and oil

CLASSIFICATION	TYPE OF MATERIAL	EXAMPLES
CLASS A	SOILD COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL	WOOD, PAPER ,PLASTIC,CLOTH
CLASS B	FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS AND LIQUIFIED SOLIDS	PETROL, DIESEL, LUBRICATION OILS, WAX, GREASE
CLASS C	FLAMMABLE GASES	ACETYLENE , LPG, PROPANE, BUTANE
CLASS D	FLAMMABLE METALS	SODIUM, POTTASIUM, LITHIUM
CLASS F	COMBUSTIBLE COOKING MEDIA	COOKIN OIL & FATS

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PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTOR

Working Principle of PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTOR

1. Photoelectric Smoke Detector, there is a LED inside the smoke detector that sends beam of light travels in a straight line across the chamber, there is a photosensor on the other side that detects the presence of light.

2. When there is a fire with smoke, the smoke particles enters into the detector and interrupts the light beam, scattering the direction of the light beam. The scattered light beam hits the sensor and activates the alarm.

There is a battery in the smoke alarm, it automatically activates a low battery chirping to warn low battery, and its time to replace the battery.  The chirping sound is different from the smoke alarm sound.

Some smoke alarm contains both optical and ionization smoke detection design. 

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