Safe Storage and Use of Flammable Liquids

When considering the storage or use of flammable liquids, the follwing safety principles should be applied:

V - Ventilation - Plenty of Fresh Air
I  -  Ignition - Control of Ignition Sources
C - Containment - Suitable Containers and Spillage Control
E - Exchange - try to use a less flammable product to do task
S - Separation - Keep storage away from process areas, by distance or a physical barrier, For example, a Wall or Partition. 

Storage in the Workplace

Control Measures for Storage in the Workplace:

• In a suitable container, to prevent spills and sealed to prevent loss of vapour
• In a suitable cabinet, bin or other store container
• In a designated area of the workplace
• Away from ignition sources, working oa process areas
• Capable of containing any spillage
• Provided with hazards warning signs to illustrate the flammability of the contents
• Prohibition signs for smoking and naked flame
• Not contain other substances or items

Storage in Open Air

Control Measures for Storage in the Open Air:

• Formal storage area on a concrete pad, with a sump for spills
• Bunded all around to take content of largest drum plus an allowance of 10%
• Away from other buildings
• Secure fence and gate 2m high
• Marked by signs warning of flammability
• Signs prohibiting smoking or other naked flames
• Protection from sunlight
• If lighting is provided within store it must be flame proof
• Provision from spill containment materials
• Fire Extinguishers located nearby - consider powder type
• Full and Empty containers separated
• Clear Identification of contents

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Fire Risk Assessment

A fireplace Risk Assessment is definitely an assessment of the Fire Risks to passengers of a building and other men and women in the vicinity of a construction and make sure that those folks are safe from the risk of fire and it is effects.

The purpose of Fire Risk Assessment(FRA) is to identify where fire may start in the workplace, the people who would be put at risk, and to reduce the risk where possible.

Factors to be Addressed in Carrying out the Assessment:

• Reduction of the risk of fire
• Means to fight fire
• Prevention of fire spread
• Means to detect and warn of fire
• Fire actions/instructions and training
• Maintenance measures to ensure means of escape available at all times
• Actions to mitigate the effects of a fire

Five steps of Fire Risk Assessment

Step 1: Identify the Hazards
Step 2: Decide who might be harmed and how
Step 3: Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions
Step 4: Record your findings and implement them
Step 5: Review your assessment and update if necessary

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Types of Ionizing Radiation

Alpha particles – Sub atomic particles emitted by radioactive substance that don’t have much penetrating power and can be stopped by skin and paper.

Beta particles – sub atomic particles emitted by radioactive substance that have more penetrating power and can penetrate through skin into living tissues.

Gamma rays – a form of very high electro-magnetic energy that has very high penetrating power.

X-rays – a form of very high electro-magnetic radiation emitted by some radioactive substances and x-ray generators and has very high penetrating power.

Control Measures of Ionizing Radiation

TIME – minimize the duration of exposure as the dose of radiation received is directly proportional to the duration of exposure.

DISTANCE – greater the distance from the radiation source to the exposed worker lower the dose received.

SHIELDING – the type require depends on the type of radiation. Relatively thin shields can contain alpha particles but gamma and x-rays require thicker and denser material such as lead.

Other control measures would be using a source that is low in strength where required; safe and secured storage of radiation source, probably inside purpose-built pits; monitoring the area for radiation using survey meters and personal dosimeters; following good hygiene practices; providing personal protective equipment like aprons, masks etc.; health surveillance of classified workers; providing appropriate training; correct and safe disposal of radioactive substances.

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Unit IOG1 : Management of International Oil and Gas Operational Safety 
Element 1: Health Safety and Environmental Management in Context
Element 2: Hydrocarbon Process Safety 1
Element 3: Hydrocarbon Process Safety 2
Element 4: Fire Protection and Emergency Response
Element 5: Logistics and Transport Operations

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Sources of Ignition that may lead to a Fire in the Workplace

The Sources of information that may lead to a fire in the workplace could be:

Hot work – Welding, cutting of metals using Oxygen-Acetylene/LPG gases etc.,

Electricity – Overheating (Under-rated cables or overloaded circuits/sockets), Arcing

Smoking – Smoking in prohibited areas, smokers material (Un-extinguished left over)

Static electricity – Fuel transfer (accelerated flow rate, usage of insulated material, no earth bonding)

Friction – Inadequate lubrication of machinery

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Fire Safety Training in Chennai

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