Alpha particles – Sub atomic particles emitted by radioactive substance that don’t have much penetrating power and can be stopped by skin and paper.
Beta particles – sub atomic particles emitted by radioactive substance that have more penetrating power and can penetrate through skin into living tissues.
Gamma rays – a form of very high electro-magnetic energy that has very high penetrating power.
X-rays – a form of very high electro-magnetic radiation emitted by some radioactive substances and x-ray generators and has very high penetrating power.
Control Measures of Ionizing Radiation
TIME – minimize the duration of exposure as the dose of radiation received is directly proportional to the duration of exposure.
DISTANCE – greater the distance from the radiation source to the exposed worker lower the dose received.
SHIELDING – the type require depends on the type of radiation. Relatively thin shields can contain alpha particles but gamma and x-rays require thicker and denser material such as lead.
Other control measures would be using a source that is low in strength where required; safe and secured storage of radiation source, probably inside purpose-built pits; monitoring the area for radiation using survey meters and personal dosimeters; following good hygiene practices; providing personal protective equipment like aprons, masks etc.; health surveillance of classified workers; providing appropriate training; correct and safe disposal of radioactive substances.
Beta particles – sub atomic particles emitted by radioactive substance that have more penetrating power and can penetrate through skin into living tissues.
Gamma rays – a form of very high electro-magnetic energy that has very high penetrating power.
X-rays – a form of very high electro-magnetic radiation emitted by some radioactive substances and x-ray generators and has very high penetrating power.
Control Measures of Ionizing Radiation
TIME – minimize the duration of exposure as the dose of radiation received is directly proportional to the duration of exposure.
DISTANCE – greater the distance from the radiation source to the exposed worker lower the dose received.
SHIELDING – the type require depends on the type of radiation. Relatively thin shields can contain alpha particles but gamma and x-rays require thicker and denser material such as lead.
Other control measures would be using a source that is low in strength where required; safe and secured storage of radiation source, probably inside purpose-built pits; monitoring the area for radiation using survey meters and personal dosimeters; following good hygiene practices; providing personal protective equipment like aprons, masks etc.; health surveillance of classified workers; providing appropriate training; correct and safe disposal of radioactive substances.
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