Fire Extinguishers

Be set up for any accidents by having fire extinguishers deliberately put around your home — at least one on every floor and in the kitchen (this one should be a generally useful extinguisher, which means it can be utilized on oil and electrical fires), the basement, the carport, or workshop area. Keep them out of reach of children.

Fire extinguishers are best used when a fire is contained in a small area, like a wastebasket, and when the fire department has already been called. 

The NFPA says to remember the word PASS when operating an extinguisher:

• Pull the pin. Release the lock with the nozzle pointing away from you.
• Aim low. Point the extinguisher at the base of the fire.
• Squeeze the lever slowly and evenly.
• Sweep the nozzle from side to side.

The best time to figure out how to utilize the fire extinguisher is now, before you ever require it. fire extinguisher have gauges on them showing when they should be checked regularly to make sure they're still functional.

In case you're ever in uncertainty about whether to utilize a extinguisher on a fire, don't attempt it. Rather, go out instantly and call the fire department.

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FIRE PREVENTION - SMOKE ALARM

FIRE PREVENTION - SMOKE ALARM

Having a warning device within the house cuts your risk of dying in an exceedingly fireplace in 0.5. virtually hour of all fatal residential fires occur in homes that do not have smoke alarms, thus this could be the only most significant factor you'll do to stay your family safe from fires.

If your home does not have smoke alarms, now could be the time to put in them on each level of your home and in every bedchamber. If potential, select one with a 10-year Li battery. If your warning device uses regular batteries, bear in mind to interchange them once a year (hint: modification your batteries after you modification your clock back from daylight-saving time Time within the fall). check your smoke alarms monthly, and take care your youngsters aware of the sound of the alarm.

Because smoke rises, smoke detectors should be placed on ceilings or high on walls. If a smoke detector close to the room explodes whereas you are cookery, don't take the battery out of it — you'll forget to interchange it. Open the doors and windows instead. otherwise you may take into account putting in a rate-of-rise heat detector for places just like the room, wherever smoke or steam from cookery ar doubtless to cause false alarms. These alarms will sense once the temperature reaches a group juncture or once it rises by over a precise variety of degrees a moment.

If you are having a replacement home engineered or transforming associate degree older home, you'll need to contemplate adding a home system. These already found in several housing buildings and dormitories. CO alarms can also be rescue.

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Safe Storage and Use of Flammable Liquids

When considering the storage or use of flammable liquids, the follwing safety principles should be applied:

V - Ventilation - Plenty of Fresh Air
I  -  Ignition - Control of Ignition Sources
C - Containment - Suitable Containers and Spillage Control
E - Exchange - try to use a less flammable product to do task
S - Separation - Keep storage away from process areas, by distance or a physical barrier, For example, a Wall or Partition. 

Storage in the Workplace

Control Measures for Storage in the Workplace:

• In a suitable container, to prevent spills and sealed to prevent loss of vapour
• In a suitable cabinet, bin or other store container
• In a designated area of the workplace
• Away from ignition sources, working oa process areas
• Capable of containing any spillage
• Provided with hazards warning signs to illustrate the flammability of the contents
• Prohibition signs for smoking and naked flame
• Not contain other substances or items

Storage in Open Air

Control Measures for Storage in the Open Air:

• Formal storage area on a concrete pad, with a sump for spills
• Bunded all around to take content of largest drum plus an allowance of 10%
• Away from other buildings
• Secure fence and gate 2m high
• Marked by signs warning of flammability
• Signs prohibiting smoking or other naked flames
• Protection from sunlight
• If lighting is provided within store it must be flame proof
• Provision from spill containment materials
• Fire Extinguishers located nearby - consider powder type
• Full and Empty containers separated
• Clear Identification of contents

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Methods of Reducing the Risks of Fire in the Workplace

FIRE PREVENTION

Having measures to reduce the risk of fire starting such as controlling ignition sources (hot work permit, discipline smoking, controlling electricity, etc.., )

Controlling fuel/burning material (inventory control/controlled storage of flammable, controlled burning of rubbish, good housekeeping, etc .., ) and

Controlling oxygen ( preventing oxygen enrichment – leaking oxygen house ).


FIRE PROTECTION

Having measures to reduce the risk of fire spreading such as passive and active fire protection measures .passive fire protection measures include compartmentation , intumescent coatings etc..,

To gain integnity against smoke/flames, to maintain stability of structures by ensuring thermal insulation .

Active fire protection measures include equipment's and systems available for fire fighting (fixed and portable).

FIRE PRECAUTION

Having measures to reduce risk to occupants in the event of fire such as detection systems (smoke/heat/flame detectors- adequate and appropriately sited).

Automatic alarms with manual backup, means of escape (safe design with necessary resource provision) ,safe assembly point with arrangements for recovery and rescue off-site.

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Eight Common Causes of Fire in the Workplace

Electrical equipment - faulty wiring, overloaded conductors, misused equipment and incorrect use of electric equipment in inappropriate environments.

Deliberate ignition (arson) – in some cases workplaces may be targeted by a disgruntled employee or an unhappy customer

Hot work – any work involving arc/naked flame (propane torch, oxy – acetylene cutting, arc welding and grinding)

Smoking – carelessly discarded cigarette butts and matches; smoking in prohibited areas

Cooking appliances – fat pans left attended

Heating appliances – electric fan heaters and space heaters, mainly when left unattended

Unsafe use / storage of flammables (example petrol, acetone, liquid petroleum gas) – Static sparks can be generated which could ignite a flammable vapour

Mechanical heat – generated by friction between moving parts or cold work generating sparks

Chemical reactions – can also generate heat, for example oxidisers.

Incineration –uncontrolled burning of rubbish.

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Principle of Fire Triangle

The fire triangle represents the fuel, oxygen and a source of ignition, heat or ignition source/energy-that must be present for combustion to occur.

For the fire to occur, all these sides are to be complete, otherwise the fire will not occur. so to extinguish fire any of the three viz. fuel, oxygen or the heat source should be removed or isolated.

Cooling: Removing the heat from fire to extinguish it ; eg : water type fire extinguisher does cooling.

Smothering: Cutting off the oxygen supply to fire or sealing off the oxygen not to reach the fire to extinguish fire; foam type fire extinguisher forms a blanket/film of foam layer disallowing air to reach thus extinguishes fire.

Starving: The fire and fuel; in this process all the adjacent burning material are removed from the scene of fire (or) the fuel supply value /knob is shut off or closed to avoid any further fuel available to continue / sustain burning, thus the fire does not have burning material to spread further, thus extinguishes due to starvation. 

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Common Fire Hazards

Fire safety is the arrangement of practices planned to diminish the obliteration created by flame. Fire safety measures incorporate those that are expected to avoid ignition of an uncontrolled fire, and those that are utilized to restrain the improvement and impacts of a fire after it begins.

Some common fire hazards are:

• Kitchen fires from unattended cooking, such as frying, broiling, and simmering
• Electrical systems that are overloaded, resulting in hot wiring or connections, or failed components
• Combustible storage areas with insufficient protection
• Combustibles near equipment that generates heat, flame, or sparks
• Candles and other open flames
• Smoking (Cigarettes, cigars, pipes, lighters, etc.)
• Equipment that generates heat and utilizes combustible materials
• Flammable liquids and aerosols
• Flammable solvents (and rags soaked with solvent) placed in enclosed trash cans
• Fireplace chimneys not properly or regularly cleaned
• Cooking appliances - stoves, ovens
• Heating appliances - fireplaces, wood burning stoves, furnaces, boilers, portable heaters
• Household appliances - clothes dryers, curling irons, hair dryers, refrigerators, freezers
• Chimneys that concentrate creosote
• Electrical wiring in poor condition
• Leaking Batteries
• Personal ignition sources - matches, lighters
• Electronic and electrical equipment
• Exterior cooking equipment - barbecue

Types of Fire Extinguishers

It is important to know what type of extinguisher you are using. Using the wrong type of extinguisher for the wrong type of fire can be life-threatening.

Most common Types of Fire Extinguishers:

Water extinguishers or APW extinguishers (air-pressurized water) are suitable for class A fires only. Never use a water extinguisher on grease fires, electrical fires or class D fires - the flames will spread and make the fire bigger! Water extinguishers are filled with water and are typically pressurized with air. Again - water extinguishers can be very dangerous in the wrong type of situation. Only fight the fire if you're certain it contains ordinary combustible materials only.

Dry chemical extinguishers come in a variety of types and are suitable for a combination of class A, B and C fires. These are filled with foam or powder and pressurized with nitrogen. o BC - This is the regular type of dry chemical extinguisher. It is filled with sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate. The BC variety leaves a mildly corrosive residue which must be cleaned immediately to prevent any damage to materials. o ABC - This is the multipurpose dry chemical extinguisher. The ABC type is filled with monoammonium phosphate, a yellow powder that leaves a sticky residue that may be damaging to electrical appliances such as a computer.

Dry chemical extinguishers have an advantage over CO2 extinguishers since they leave a nonflammable substance on the extinguished material, reducing the likelihood of re-ignition.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) extinguishers are used for class B and C fires. CO2 extinguishers contain carbon dioxide, a non-flammable gas, and are highly pressurized. The pressure is so great that it is not uncommon for bits of dry ice to shoot out the nozzle. They don't work very well on class A fires because they may not be able to displace enough oxygen to put the fire out, causing it to re-ignite. 

CO2 extinguishers have an advantage over dry chemical extinguishers since they don't leave a harmful residue - a good choice for an electrical fire on a computer or other favorite electronic device such as a stereo or TV.

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Learn About Fire Safety - FIRE PREVENTION

• Try not to leave electrical machines unattended
• Switch off electric machines after use and remove the socket. It is fire safe practice. 
• Try not to over-burden electrical circuit; it may cause short circuit and a fire
• Don't keep electric wiring hanging, secure appropriately. 
• Try not to utilize light the in the event of force disappointment. Client battery worked tourches. 
• Smoke just in the Smoking Zone, use non-flammable ashtrays for storing lit smoking material 
• Use ashtray while Smoking 
• Keep matches, saltines, lighters far from the kids. 
• Try not to permit kids to play with fireworks. 

• Do not light fire works near the structures . 
• Close the windows and openings appropriately to counteract entrance of lit flying saltines. 
• Try not to leave lit oil lights, agarbattis or candles on the floor or close ignitable material. Put them off before resigning to bed. 
• Do not store scrap/combustible material in and around the building; dispose it regularly.
• Keep L.P.G. Stove/Segree/Burner on raised non-ignitable stage. 
• Turn off both the L.P.G. gas barrel valve and burner handle of the gas segree/cooking extent and so on when not being used in the wake of cooking. 
• Ventilate the whole room if L.P.G. chamber is spilling and don't switch on/off any of the electric switches the room in . Supplant L.P.G. supply tube intermittently or as and when prompted by Mechanic. 
• In the event that L.P.G. barrel is spilling 

                - Close the principle barrel valve.
                - Ventilate the whole room.
                - Do not work electric switch.

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